HOSPITAL PHARMACY
Q1.Briefly explain the term Hospital?
The hospital is a complex organization utilizing combination of sophisticated , specialized
scientific equipment, and functioning through a group of trained people educated to the problem of
modern medical science. These are all linked together in the common purpose of restoration and
maintenance of good health.
OR
“An institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured
people”
Q2.What is meant by hospital pharmacy?
The department or service in a hospital which is under the supervision of a professionally
competent, legally qualified pharmacist, and from which all medications are supplied to the
nursing units and other services, where special prescriptions are filled for patients in the
hospital, where prescriptions are filled for ambulatory patients and out-patients, where
pharmaceuticals are manufactured in bulk, where narcotic and other prescribed drugs are dispensed,
where injectable preparations should be prepared and sterilized, and where professional supplies
are often stocked and dispensed.
OR
Hospital pharmacy is the health care service, which comprises the art, practice, and profession of
choosing, preparing, storing, compounding, and dispensing medicines and medical devices, advising
healthcare professionals and patients on their safe, effective and efficient use.
Q3.Differentiate between inpatients and outpatients? Inpatient: a patient who lives in hospital
while under treatment.
Outpatient: a patient who attends a hospital for treatment without staying there overnight.
Q4.What are the various parts of prescription?
A prescription should consist of the following seven parts:
1. Date.
2. Name of the patient and information as to age.
3. Superscription, or heading.
4. Inscription, or main body of the prescription.
5. Subscription, or directions to the compounder.
6. Signatura, or directions for the patient.
7. Prescriber's name.
Q5.What is meant by filling of prescription?
“Filling a prescription means that you are writing out a prescription.” OR
A patient gets a prescription for a certain medication from the doctor. The patient then goes to
the pharmacist to get said medication.
The pharmacist fills the prescription by giving you the medication.
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Q6.Name any 3 injectable preparations?
1. injections
2. intravenous infusions
3. powders for injections or intravenous infusions
4. concentrates for injections or intravenous infusions
5. implants
Q7.What is meant by specialized prescription?
This provides full instructions on how to prepare and process data using the Prescribed Specialized
prescription. Highly Specialized Drugs are medicines for the treatment of chronic conditions.
Q8.What are the duties of hospital pharmacist?
1. Ensuring medicines are stored appropriately and securely.
2. setting up and supervising clinical trials.
3. providing information on expenditure on drugs.
4. Supervising the work of less experienced and less qualified staff.
5. Providing advice on the dosage of medicines and the most appropriate form of medication, for
example, tablet, injection, ointment or inhaler.
6. Checking prescriptions to ensure that there are no errors and that they are appropriate and
safe for the individual patient.
Q9. Enlist any 3 goals of hospital pharmacist?
1. To provide the benefits of a qualified hospital pharmacist to patients and health care
institutions, to the allied health professions, and to the profession of pharmacy.
2. To assure a high quality of professional practice through the establishment and maintenance of
standards of professional ethics, education, and attainments and through the promotion of economic
welfare.
3. To promote research in hospital pharmacy practices and in the pharmaceutical sciences in
general.
4. To expand and strengthen institutional pharmacists' abilities to:
• Effectively manage an organized pharmaceutical service.
• Develop and provide clinical services.
Q10.What is meant by generalized hospital? Give example along location.
General Hospitals: These hospitals offer treatment for common diseases. The main objective of
General Hospital is to provide medical care, whereas teaching is secondary.
Hospital Location
Lahore General Hospital Ferozepur road lhr
Farooq hospital Main Boulevard Allama iqbal
town lahore
Ittefaq Hospital Near H-Block Model town
Rasheed Hospital Khayaban-e-Jinnah
Services Hospital Jail road
Surgimed Hospital Zafar ali road
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Sir ganga ram hospital Service road (jail road)
Q11.What is meant by specialized hospital? Give example along location.
Specialized Hospitals: These hospitals concentrate on giving medical and nursing care in a specific
area, e.g., ophthalmic hospital (deals with eye related problems), orthopaedic hospital (deals with
bone related problems), cardiac hospital (deals with heart related problems), etc. Hospital
Speciality Location
Shaukat Khanum Memorial cancer hospital & Cancer Johar town
research centre
Gulab Devi Hospital Mughal Eye
Ghurki Trust Hospital
Punjab institute of cardiology Khan Kidney hospital
Punjab institute of mental health Punjab Dental Hospital
Tuberculosis ophthalmic
Ortho Cardiac
Renal Disorder Mental disorder Dentistry
Ferozepur Road Ali Ibn-e-Abi Talib Road
GT road-Burki road link, lhr
Jai1 road Jai1 road Jail Road
Taxali Gate road
Q12.Name any 2 orthopedic hospitals in Lahore?
Ghurki Trust Hospital GT road-Burki road link, lhr
Khan Kinetic treatment Maulana shaukat Ali road
Q13.Name any 2 Cardiac hospitals in Lahore?
Punjab institute of cardiology Fazal Cardiac Hospital
Jail Road
Noor Jehan road
Q14.Name any 2 cancer hospital in Lahore?
Shaukat Khanum Memorial cancer hospital & Johar town research centre
INMOL cancer Hospital Bhaikay wala mor near iqbal town
15.Name any 2 ophthalmic hospitals in Lahore?
Mughal Eye Ali Ibn-e-Abi Talib Road
LRBT (Layton rehmatullah benevolent trust N-5 free eye hospital) eye hospital
Q16. What is meant by Isolation hospital? Give 2 examples with location.
Ans. Isolation hospital: This is a hospital in which clients requiring isolation or client
suffering from communicable diseases are taken care of.
Examples:
S.no 1
2
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Isolation hospital Adil hospital
Gulab devi chest hosppital
Location
Main boulevard DHA lahore Ferozpur road Lahore
Q17. Basic difference b/w Teaching and Non-teaching hospital? Give 5 examples of each. Ans.
Teaching hospital: The primary objectives of teaching hospital is teaching and training of doctors
e.g. medical colleges
Non-teaching hospital: this is a hospital which not provides education to doctors.
S no Teaching Hospitals
Non-teaching Hospitals
1 Mayo hospital
Shaukat khanam memorial cancer hospital &research centre
2 Sir ganga ram hospital
3 Ghurki trust hospital
4 Jinnah hospital
5 Services hospital
Family hospital General hospital Omar hospital Doctor hospital
Q18. Any 3 rural hospital adjacent to Lahore?
Ans. (i) Munshi hospital (ii) sarghoda hospital (iii) dist.Municipa1 kasoor hospital Q19. What
is meant by large, medium small size hospital on the basis of no.beds? Ans. Large hospital: Any
hospital having more than 500 beds is a large hospital.
Medium hospital: Any hospital having the beds strength b/w 200-500 is a medium hospital. Small
hospital: Any hospital having less than 200 beds is a small hospital.
Q20. Enlist the minimum standards for hospital pharmacy setup?
Ans. Standard 1: Administration
Standard 2: Facilities
Standard 3: Drug distribution, inventory management and control
Standard 4: Drug information
Standard 5: Assuring rational drug therapy Standard 6: Research
Q21. Organizational hierarchy of pharmacy setup. Ans. Director of pharmacy
Clinical managed clinical pharmacist, clinical coordinator, data analyst Operation managed
pharmacists, technicians, buyer
Employ pharmacy supervi EP pharmacist, EP technicians
Q22. Which facilities are required for establishing an ideal hospital pharmacy setup?
1. Suitable area
2. Enough Space and equipment in an amount and type to provide secure, environmentally controlled
storage of drugs, shall be available.
3. There should be suitable space and equipment for the sterile preparation and other packaging
operations.
4. There should be a private area for patient counseling.
5. Current drug information resources must be available. Q23. What is inventory management and
control?
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Ans. 1. The pharmacy shall be responsible for distribution and control of all drugs used within
institution.
2. This responsibility extends to drug and related services provided to ambulatory patients.
Policies and procedure governing these functions shall be developed by the pharmacist with input
from other involved hospitals staff.
Q24. Any 2 software available for the inventory control. Ans. (i) Abuzar software (ii)
buraq software
Q25. What is meant by drug information center?
Ans. The center provides pharmaceutic and therapeutic drug information and consultation. Q26. What
are the Aims & functions of DIC?
Ans. The pharmacy is responsible for providing the institution's staff and patients with accurate,
comprehensive information about drugs and their use and shall serve as its center for drug
information.
Q27. How does pharmacist assure rational Drug therapy while working in hospital pharmacy set up?
Ans. An important aspect of pharmaceutical services is that of maximizing rational drug use. In
this regard, the pharmacist, in concert with the medical staff, must develop policies and
procedures for assuring the quality of drug therapy.
Q28: What sort of research activities can be planned by hospital pharmacist to assure
rational drug therapy?
ANS: Pharmacist should initiate, participate in and support clinical and practice related research
appropriate to the goals ,objectives and resources of the specific hospital.
• policies and procedures
• procurement, distribution and control of investigational drugs
Q29: Whether there is a need of policies and procedures for conducting research activities
in a hospital pharmacy setup? Briefly discuss.
ANS: yes, the pharmacist should assure policies and procedures for safe and proper use of
investigational drugs and medication related devices are established and followed and that they
meet all applicable laws and regulations. It should be assured that informed consent is obtained
from the patient before first dose of study drug is administered.
Q30: what is the literal meaning of procurement of drug?
ANS: the process of acquiring supplies of drugs from private or public suppliers or through
purchases from manufacturers, distributors or agencies.
Q31: how will you control the investigational drugs while working in the hospital
pharmacy setup?
ANS: investigational drugs shall be approved for use by an institutional review board and shall be
dispensed and administered to consenting patients according to approved protocol.
Q32: what is institutional review board? And their functions?
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ANS: An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC),
ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a committee that has been formally
designated to approve, monitor, and review biomedical and behavioral research involving humans.
Q33: who will be responsible for disseminating the information regarding investigational drugs?
ANS: the project tackling pharmacist will be responsilble for disseminating the information
regarding investigational drugs.
Q34: what is pharmacy and therapeutic committee?
ANS: it is the advisory group of the medical staff and serves as the organizational line of
communication between medical staff and pharmacy department. It is also a policy recommending
body to the medical staff and administration of the hospital on matters related to the therapeutic
use of drugs.
Q35: functions of P AND T.C? ANS:
• to service in advisory capacity in all matters pertaining to the use of drugs
• to develop formulary of drugs accepted for use in hospital and provide its constant
revision
• to establish programs and procedures to help ensure cost effective drug therapy
• to establish and plan suitable educational, programs for hospital's professional staff
related to drug use
• to participate in quality assurance activities related to distribution, administration
and use of medications
• to review adverse drug reactions
• to initiate drug-use review programs and studies and review results of such activities
• to advice the pharmacy in implementation of effective drug distribution and control
procedures
• to make recommendations concerning drugs to be stocked in hospital patient-care areas.
Q36: Enlist members of P and T.C?
ANS:
• physicians
• pharmacists
• nurses
• administrators
• Q.A coordinators
• Epidemiologists/specialists
• Ethicists
Q37: Describe organizational hierarchy of P and T.C? ANS:
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• P and T.C is composed of atleast three physicians, a pharmacist, nurse and an
administrator.
• Committee members are appointed by governing unit
• Chairman (physician) is appointed, pharmacist is designated as secretary
• Committee should meet atleast 6 times per year
• Committee should invite meeting persons to contribute specialized or unique knowledge,
skills and judgements
• Agenda and supplementary material is prepared by secretary including minutes of
previous meetings
• Meeting minutes should be maintained in permanent records
• Liason with drug use shall also be maintained
Q38: What is the advisory role of P and T.C?
ANS: The committee recommends the adoption of, or assists in the formulation of, policies regarding
evaluation, selection, and therapeutic use of drugs in hospitals.
Q39: what sort of educational activity can be performed by PnTC?
A: the committee recommends or assists in the formulation of programs for the professional staff
to have complete current knowledge on matters related to drugs and drug use.
Q40: WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FORMULARY?
A: it is continually revised list of medicines approved for use in the healthcare system by
authorized prescribers.
Q41: need of hospital formulary system?
• It ensure the quality drug use.
• Controlling its cost.
• It provides for the procuring, prescribing, dispensing and administering of drugs.
• It has only those drugs that are considered most safe and useful in patient care.
Q42: Potential benefits of hospital pharmacy?
A: these are as follows:
• Therapeutic
• Economic
• Educational
Q43: Standard format of hosp pharmacy:
A: A typical formulary must have the following composition:
• Title page
• Names and titles of the members of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee
• Table of contents
• Products accepted for the use at hospital
• Appendix
Q44:Flow chart for addition or deletion of medicine from hospital formulary?
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Physician or Written request pharmacist
DTC Secretary
DTC Meeting
Transparent decision D ug literature
making evaluation
Request
approved/rejected
Written report; formulary
Information recommendations
disseminated
Q45: Major criteria for selection of any drug for hospital formulary?
• Disease patterns
• efficacy and effectiveness
• Safety
• Quality
• Cost and cost effectiveness
• Well known medicines
• Expertise to manage the medicine
Q46: Purpose of compiling patient medical record?
A: documentation in the medical records provides evidence of appropriate care. if a procedure is
not documented, it is considered not done.
Q47: enlist the contents of patient record form?
• Patient registration number
• Date
• Name
• Age
• Sex
• Address
• Occupation
• past medical history
• chief complaint
• guess diagnosis
• allergies
• lab testing
• final diagnosis
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• treatment
Q48: How to create and maintain patient records?
• Initial interview
• Documenting patient statement
• Completing medical history forms
• Documenting test results
• Examination, preparation and vital signs
• Follow-ups
Q49: Identify and describe common approaches or documentation of info in medical records?
1. Source oriented medical records:
• Conventional approach
• Information is arranged according to who suppied the data
• Problems and treatment are on the same form
• Difficult to track the progress of specific events
2. Problem oriented medical records:
• It makes it easier to track progress of specific illness
• Information include:
I. Database
II. Problem list
III. Educational ,diagnostic and treatment plans
IV. Progress note
Q50: Discuss the needs for neatness, timeliness, accuracy and professional tone in medical records?
A: it makes the medical record legible and correct timeliness enables to retrieve the document on
time in emergency situation. Accuracy is important for patient safety in medication use. Q51)
Explain how to correct and update a medical record?
Ans) To correct and update a patient's medical record:
• Draw a line through the original information.
• It must remain legible.
• Insert correct information above or below original line or in margin.
• Document why correction was made.
• Date, time, and initial correction.
Q52) Identify when and how a medical record may be released?
Ans) Medical records are considered highly confidential because of the very private, personal
information they contain. With some exceptions, health care providers will release a copy of your
records to others only with your written permission. Records are released to:
• Health care workers who have a need for the records to care for a patient.
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• Qualified people or organizations that perform services such as data processing, medical
record transcription, administrative functions, or other such related services and for approved
research and education functions.
• Certain government authorities, to investigate or regulate health related issues such as
child abuse, communicable diseases, and prescription drugs.
Q53) Patient record is a legal document admissible in court?
Ans) Patient record is a legal document admissible in court as it is documented to provide an
evidence of appropriate care and it provides complete information about patient care.
Q54) How does a patient record serve as a proof of event or procedure?
Ans) Documentation in the medical record provides evidence of appropriate care. If a procedure is
not documented, it is considered not done. Complete, accurate, and well-documented records are
evidence of appropriate care
Q55) What is the importance of patient record in patient education, research, and quality
of treatment?
Ans) Patient records play an important role in patient education through test results, providing
information on health issues, and treatment instructions to the patient. In research patient
record serve as a source of data and in quality of treatment patient record provides peer review
and helps in health care analysis and policy decisions.
Q56) What is meant by inform consent and hospital discharge summary forms? Also discuss how to
initiate and maintain the patient record with special focus on initial interview?
Ans) Inform consent forms verify that the patient understands procedures, outcomes, and options
regarding a specific medical intervention. Patient may withdraw consent at any time. Hospital
discharge summary forms include Information summarizing the patient's hospitalization, Instructions
for follow-up care, Physician signature.Initiating and maintaining patient record through initial
interview includes:
• Completing medical history forms.
• Examination, preparation, and vital signs.
• Documenting test results.
• Documenting patient statements.
• Maintaining patient privacy during interview. Q57) What are the six C's of Charting?
Ans) The six C's of charting are
Client's words Conciseness
Clarity Chronological order
Completeness Confidentiality
Q58) What are the types of medical records? Ans)
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Source-Oriented Medical Records
• Conventional approach
• Information is arranged according to who supplied
the data
• Problems and treatments are on the same form
■ Difficult to track progress of specific events
Problem Oriented Medical Records
■ POMR records make it easier to track specific illnesses
• Information included
• Database
• Problem list
• Educational, diagnostic, and treatment plans
• Progress notes
Q59) What is meant by soap documentation?
Ans) It is an orderly series of steps for dealing with any medical case Subjective data:
Information the patient tells you.
Objective data: What the physician observes during the examination. Assessment: The impression of
the patient's problem that leads to diagnosis. Plan: The treatment plan to correct the illness or
problem.
Q60) What the temperature zones for storage of various medicaments? Product
Storage temperature
refrigerated vaccines +2°C to +8°C
frozen vaccines l5°C to -50°C
Whole Blood, Red Blood Cells 1 to 6
Plasma, Cryoprecipitated AHF -18 fi or colder
Platelets 20 to 24
Granulocytes 20 to 24
Total Parenteral Nutrition 36 to 46
Q61) Names of Chief pharmacists at hospitals?
Ans) Abdul Haleem Chief pharmacist at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Sameen Sadaf Chief pharmacist at
Bahria Town Hospital Lahore.
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