Unit 3 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – III Typing Notes B.Pharmacy

 

UNIT – III

Anti-tubercular Agents:-

Synthetic anti- tubercular agents:- Isoniozid*, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Para amino salicylic acid*.

(i) Isoniozid:-

1)    It is an antibiotic used in  treatment of tuberculosis.

2)    used to treat only bacterial infections.

3)    Taken by mouth on empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals).

Mechanism of action:-

1)    It is  selective for mycobacteria.

2)    inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.

3)    And  interferes with cell wall synthesis.

Uses :-

1)    It is an antibiotic that fights bacteria.

2)    used to treat and  prevent tuberculosis. ( Bacteriostatic)

3)    It will not work for viral infections ( common cold, flu).

Side effects :-

1)    nausea

2)    vomiting

3)    loss of appetite

4)    diarrhea

5)    abdominal pain

(Write Same for all other drugs )

Anti-tubercular antibiotics:- Rifampicin, Rifabutin, Cycloserine Streptomycine, Capreomycin sulphate.

Rifampicin:-

1)    used with other medicines to treat tuberculosis.

2)    used to treat and prevent tuberculosis.

Mechanism of action:-

1)    inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase,

2)    RNA synthesis stops and cell death.

3)    and tuberculosis can cure.

Uses :-

1)        It is an antibiotic that fights bacteria.

2)        used to treat and  prevent tuberculosis. ( Bacteriostatic)

3)        It will not work for viral infections ( common cold, flu)

 Side effects :-

   Upset stomach, heartburn, nausea, menstrual changes, or headache.

(Write Same for all other drugs )

 

 

 

 

 

 

Urinary tract anti-infective agents:-

Quinolones:- SAR of quinolones, Nalidixic Acid,Norfloxacin, Enoxacin,

Ciprofloxacin*, Ofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin,

Moxifloxacin

SAR of quinolones:-

 

 

 

Nalidixic Acid:-

1.     It is an antibacterial agent.

2.     used in urinary tract infection caused by gram-negative microorganisms.

3.     Prevents the bacterial cells from dividing and repairing and kills them.

Mechanism of action:-

1)    It stops the action of a bacterial enzyme  DNA-gyrase

2)    and kills bacteria.

Uses :-

1)    used  in urinary tract infection.

2)    used to treat  many  bacterial infections.

3)    also used in infection of tonsils, sinus, nose, throat, female genital organ, skin & soft tissues and lungs.

Side effects :-

      (Same as other drugs)

(Write Same for all other drugs )

Miscellaneous: Furazolidine, Nitrofurantoin*, Methanamine

Furazolidine:-

1)    used  in urinary tract infection.

2)    used to treat bacterial and protozoal infections. (tiny, one-celled animals)

3)    used to treat the symptoms of Diarrhea and Enteritis.

Mechanism of action:-

1)    Bind to  DNA and create cross-links.

2)    and kills bacteria and protozoa.

(Write Same for all other drugs )

Antiviral agents:- Amantadine hydrochloride, Rimantadine hydrochloride, Idoxuridine trifluoride, Acyclovir*, Gancyclovir, Zidovudine, Didanosine, Zalcitabine,Lamivudine, Loviride, Delavirding, Ribavirin, Saquinavir, Indinavir,Ritonavir.

 

Amantadine hydrochloride:-

1)    It is an antiviral drug.

2)    Used in symptoms of Parkinson's disease (a disorder of the nervous system that causes difficulties with movement, muscle control, and balance).

3)    Used in different types of flu (influenza A).

 

Mechanism of action:-

1)    interferes with the release of nucleic acid of virus.

2)    and kills Virus.

3)    It acts as a nicotinic antagonist, dopamine agonist.

(Write more by own language)

(Same for Rimantadine hydrochloride).

Idoxuridine trifluoride:-

1.     It is an anti-herpes virus drug.

2.     It prevents the replication of the herpes  virus.

3.     also used in viral infections of the eye.

4.     Inhibit DNA synthesis .

    (Write more by own language)

    (write Same for Acyclovir).

 

Gancyclovir:-

1.     Used to treat infections caused by cytomegalovirus  (eye infection that can cause blindness)

2.     Used in people whose immune system is not working normally.

3.     Prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections.

4.     Inhibit the replication of viral DNA.

Zidovudine:-

1.     Used in treatment of HIV infection.

2.     Used in pregnant women to prevent passing of HIV virus to the unborn baby.

3.     inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme.

    (Write more by own language)

    (Same same for all remaining drugs and other drugs also used in hepatitis c).

 

 

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