UNIT – IV
Antifungal
agents:-
Antifungal
antibiotics:- Amphotericin-B, Nystatin,
Natamycin, Griseofulvin.
(i) Amphotericin-B:-
1.
It is an
antifungal drug
2.
used to treat
fungal infections.
3.
it is used to
treat mucormycosis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis.
Mechanism of action:-
1.
bind to
ergosterol in fungal cell membranes .
2.
and create holes
in the membrane and cell death.
(Write
more by own language)
(write Same for Nystatin).
(ii) Natamycin:-
1)
is an antifungal
drug.
2)
used to treat
fungal infections around the eye.
Mechanism
of action:-
( Same as Amphotericin-B)
(Write more by own language)
(iii)
Griseofulvin:-
inhibit fungal cell mitosis and
nuclear acid synthesis (mechanism of actions)
(other points same as Amphotericin-B)
Synthetic
Antifungal agents:- Clotrimazole, Econazole, Butoconazole,
Oxiconazole Tioconozole,
Miconazole*, Ketoconazole, Terconazole,
Itraconazole,
Fluconazole, Naftifine hydrochloride, Tolnaftate
Clotrimazole:-
1.
It is an
antifungal drug
2.
It is fungistatic
or fungicidal depending on the concentration.
3.
used to treat
fungal infections.
Uses
:-
1.
It is used to
treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush.
2.
Used to treat
different types of ringworms.
Mechanism of action:-
1.
damages permeability barrier of fungal cytoplasmic
membrane.
2.
inhibits the
biosynthesis of ergosterol.
(Write more by own language)
(Same same for all remaining drugs)
Anti-protozoal
Agents: Metronidazole*, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Diloxanide, Iodoquinol,
Pentamidine Isethionate, Atovaquone, Eflornithine.
Metronidazole:-
1.
It is an
antibiotic and antiprotozoal drug.
2.
used to treat
bacterial infections of the vagina, stomach, liver, skin, joints, brain and
spinal cord.
Mechanism of action:-
1.
inhibits protein
synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis by interacting with DNA and
2.
causes cell death.
(Write more by own language)
(Same same for all remaining drugs)
Anthelmintics:
Diethylcarbamazine citrate*, Thiabendazole, Mebendazole*,Albendazole,
Niclosamide, Oxamniquine, Praziquantal, Ivermectin.
Diethylcarbamazine
citrate:-
1.
It is an anthelmintic
agent.
2.
used to treat
parasitic diseases caused by roundworms.
3.
including
lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis.
Mechanism of action:-
1.
inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism in microfilariae.
2.
and also kill
worms.
Thiabendazole:-
inhibits
fumarate reductase enzyme.
Mebendazole:-
inhibit production of microtubules.
(Write more by own language)
(Same same for all remaining drugs)
Sulphonamides
and Sulfones:-
Sulphamethizole,
Sulfisoxazole, Sulphamethizine, Sulfacetamide*,
Sulphapyridine,
Sulfamethoxaole*, Sulphadiazine, Mefenide acetate, Sulfasalazine.
Sulphamethizole:-
1.
It is used to
treat a wide variety of bacterial infections
2.
Used to treat
infections in middle ear, urine, respiratory, and intestinal infections.
3.
It is also used
to prevent and treat a certain type of pneumonia.
Mechanism of
action:-
1.
Stops bacteria
from making dihydrofolic acid and trimethoprim
2.
Prevents the
formation of tetrahydrofolic acid.
(Write more by own language)
(Same same for all remaining drugs)
Folate
reductase inhibitors:- Trimethoprim*, Cotrimoxazole
Trimethoprim:-
1.
It is an
antibiotic mainly used in the treatment of bladder infections.
2.
It also is used
to treat traveler's diarrhea.
3.
used in
combination with other drugs to treat certain types of pneumonia.
Mechanism of action:-
1.
It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
2.
eliminates
bacteria that cause urinary tract infections.
(Write more by own language)
(Same same for Cotrimoxazole)
Sulfones: Dapsone*
Dapsone:-
1.
used to treat
leprosy (Hansen's disease) and skin
infections.
2.
used to treat
dermatitis herpetiformis.
Mechanism of action:-
It inhibits the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid.
(Write more by own language)
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